Maitiro echinyakare emuchina, kamuri saizi CNC michina shanduko kuenda kumichina yedesktop (seBantam zvishandiso desktop CNC milling muchina uye Bantam maturusi desktop PCB yekugaya muchina) imhaka yekugadzirwa kwemakomputa emunhu, mamicrocontrollers uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemidziyo yemagetsi. Pasina izvi zviitiko, zvine simba uye compact CNC muchina maturusi haaigona nhasi.
Pakazosvika 1980, shanduko yeinjiniya yekudzora uye hurongwa hwekuvandudza kwemagetsi uye komputa rutsigiro.
Kwayedza yekombuta yako
Muna 1977, "microcomputers" matatu akasunungurwa panguva imwe chete - Apple II, pet 2001 uye TRS-80 - munaJanuary 1980, magazini yeByte yakazivisa kuti "nguva yemakomputa emunhu akagadzirira yasvika". Kuvandudzwa kwemakomputa emunhu kwakakurumidza kuvandudzwa kubva ipapo, apo makwikwi pakati peapuro neIBM akaputika nekuyerera.
Pakazosvika 1984, Apple yakaburitsa yekare Macintosh, yekutanga-yakagadzirwa mbeva inofambiswa nekombuta yega ine graphical mushandisi interface (GUI). Macintosh inouya ne macpaint uye macwrite (iyo inosimudzira WYSIWYG WYSIWYG maapplication). Gore rakatevera, kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe neadobe, chirongwa chitsva chemifananidzo chakatangwa, chichiisa hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwekombuta inobatsira (CAD) uye kugadzirwa kwekombuta inobatsira (CAM).
Kuvandudzwa kweCAD uye cam zvirongwa
Murevereri pakati pekombuta neCNC muchina chishandiso zvirongwa zviviri zvakakosha: CAD uye cam. Tisati tapinda munhoroondo pfupi yezvose zviri zviviri, heino mhedziso.
Zvirongwa zveCAD zvinotsigira kusikwa kwedhijitari, kugadziridzwa, uye kugovana kwe2D kana 3D zvinhu. Iyo cam chirongwa chinokutendera iwe kuti usarudze maturusi, zvinhu, uye mamwe mamiriro ekucheka mashandiro. Seinjiniya, kunyangwe wapedza basa rese reCAD uye uchiziva kutaridzika kwezvikamu zvauri kuda, muchina wekugaya hauzive saizi kana chimiro chechigayo chekucheka chaunoda kushandisa, kana ruzivo rwesaizi yako yezvinhu kana type.
Iyo cam chirongwa inoshandisa modhi yakagadzirwa neInjiniya muCAD kuverenga mafambiro echishandiso muzvinyorwa. Aya maverengero ekufamba, anonzi maturusi nzira, anogadzirwa otomatiki neiyo cam chirongwa kuti ibudirire zvakanyanya. Mamwe mapurogiramu emazuva ano ecam anogonawo kutevedzera pachiratidziro kuti muchina unoshandisa sei chishandiso chesarudzo yako kucheka zvinhu. Panzvimbo yekucheka bvunzo pamaturusi chaiwo emuchina nguva nenguva, inogona kuchengetedza kupfeka kwechishandiso, nguva yekugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu.
Mabviro eCAD yemazuva ano anogona kurondwa kumashure muna 1957. Chirongwa chinonzi Pronto chakagadzirwa nemusayendisiti wepakombiyuta Patrick J. Hanratty anozivikanwa sababa vekadhi / cam. Muna 1971, akagadzirawo chirongwa chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya Adamu, chinova chinodyidzana graphic dhizaini, kudhirowa uye kugadzira sisitimu yakanyorwa muFORTRAN, yakanangana nekuyambuka papuratifomu masimba ese. "Vanoongorora maindasitiri vanofungidzira kuti 70% yeese 3-D Mechanical cad / cam masisitimu aripo nhasi anogona kurondwa kumashure ekutanga kodhi yaHanratty," akadaro University of California Irvine, kwaakaita tsvagiridzo panguva iyoyo.
Makore akapoteredza 1967, Patrick J. Hanratty akazvipira kune dhizaini yakabatsirwa nekombuta yemakomputa akabatanidzwa edunhu (CADIC).
Muna 1960, chirongwa chekupayona Sketchpad yeIvan Sutherland yakagadzirwa pakati pezvirongwa zviviri zveHanratty, iyo yaiva purogiramu yekutanga yekushandisa yakazara graphical user interface.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti AutoCAD, yakatangwa neAutodesk muna 1982, ndiyo yekutanga 2D CAD chirongwa chakanangana nemakomputa ega pane mainframe makomputa. Pakazosvika 1994, AutoCAD R13 yakaita kuti purogiramu ienderane nekugadzirwa kwe 3D. Muna 1995, SolidWorks yakabudiswa nechinangwa chakajeka chekuita CAD dhizaini nyore kune vateereri vakawanda, uye ipapo Autodesk Inventor yakatangwa muna 1999, iyo yakava inonzwisisika.
Pakati pe-1980s, yakakurumbira scalable graphic AutoCAD demo yakaratidza solar system yedu mu1: 1 km. Iwe unogona kunyange kuswededza pedyo nemwedzi uye kuverenga plaque paApollo lunar lander.
Hazvigoneke kutaura nezve kuvandudzwa kwemichina yeCNC pasina kubhadhara mutero kune vagadziri vesoftware vakazvipira kudzikisa chikumbaridzo chekupinda chedhizaini dhizaini uye kuita kuti ishande kune ese hunyanzvi mazinga. Parizvino, Autodesk fusion 360 iri kumberi. (ichienzaniswa nesoftware yakafanana yakadai seMastercam, UGNX uye PowerMILL, iyi ine simba kadhi / cam software haina kuvhurwa muChina.) ndiyo "yekutanga 3D CAD, cam uye CAE chishandiso cherudzi rwayo, iyo inogona kubatanidza yako yese chigadzirwa chekugadzira. maitiro kune gore rakavakirwa papuratifomu yakakodzera PC, MAC uye nharembozha." Ichi chine simba software chigadzirwa chemahara kune vadzidzi, vadzidzisi, vanokwanisa kutanga-ups uye amateurs.
Early compact CNC muchina maturusi
Semumwe wemapiyona nemadzitateguru emakompakiti CNC muchina maturusi, Ted hall, muvambi weshopbot maturusi, aive purofesa weNeuroscience paDuke University. Munguva yake yakasununguka, anofarira kugadzira zvikepe zveplywood. Akatsvaga chishandiso chaive nyore kucheka plywood, asi kunyange mutengo wekushandisa CNC milling machine panguva iyoyo waipfuura $50000. Muna 1994, akaratidza boka revanhu chigayo chaakagadzira mumusangano wake, nokudaro akatanga rwendo rwekambani.
Kubva kufekitori kuenda padesktop: MTM snap
Muna 2001, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) yakagadzira nzvimbo nyowani neatomu, inova hanzvadzi Laboratory yeMIT Media Laboratory, uye inotungamirwa nemuoni Purofesa Neil Gershenfeld. Gershenfeld anoonekwa semumwe wevakatanga iyo Fab Lab (Kugadzira Laboratory) pfungwa. Nerutsigiro rweUS $13.75 miriyoni yeruzivo tekinoroji mubairo kubva kuNational Science Foundation, iyo bit and atom Center (CBA) yakatanga kutsvaga rubatsiro rwekugadzira diki studio network yekupa veruzhinji maturusi ekugadzira ega ega.
Izvi zvisati zvaitika, muna 1998, Gershenfeld akavhura kosi inonzi "maitiro ekugadzira (chinenge) chero chinhu" paMassachusetts Institute of technology kuti azivise vadzidzi vehunyanzvi kumichina inodhura yekugadzira maindasitiri, asi kosi yake yakakwezva vadzidzi vanobva kwakasiyana kwakasiyana, kusanganisira art, dhizaini. uye zvivakwa. Izvi zvave hwaro hweshanduko yekugadzira dhijitari.
Imwe yemapurojekiti akazvarwa neCBA michina inogadzira (MTM), iyo inotarisana nekuvandudza kwekukurumidza prototypes inogona kushandiswa mumafekitori efekitori marabhoritari. Mumwe wemichina yakaberekerwa muchirongwa ichi ndeyeMTM snap desktop CNC milling muchina wakagadzirwa nevadzidzi Jonathan wadhi, Nadya Peek naDavid Mellis muna 2011. Kushandisa heavy-duty snap HDPE plastiki (yakachekwa kubva mukicheni yekuchekera board) pane hombe shopbot CNC. muchina wekugaya, uyu 3-axis milling muchina unomhanya pamutengo wakaderera Arduino microcontroller, uye unokwanisa kugaya zvese kubva kuPCB kusvika furo nehuni. Panguva imwecheteyo, yakaiswa padesktop, inotakurika uye inokwanisika.
Panguva iyoyo, kunyangwe vamwe vagadziri vemichina yeCNC yekugaya senge shopbot uye epilog vaiyedza kuburitsa madiki uye akachipa edesktop vhezheni yemichina yekugaya, yaive ichiri kudhura.
MTM snap inoita setoyi, asi yakachinja zvachose desktop milling.
Mune mumweya wechokwadi Fab Lab, iyo MTM snap timu yakatogovana bhiri ravo rezvinhu kuti iwe ugone kuzvigadzira wega.
Nguva pfupi mushure mekugadzirwa kweMTM snap, nhengo yechikwata Jonathan wadhi yakashanda nevainjiniya Mike Estee uye Forrest yakasvibira uye nyanzvi yezvesainzi Danielle applestone kuita chirongwa chinopihwa mari neDARPA chinonzi mentor (manufacturing experiment and promotion) "kushandira zana remakore rechi21."
Chikwata ichi chakashanda kune imwe lab muSan Francisco, chakabatanidza uye chakaongororazve dhizaini yeMTM snap muchina chishandiso, nechinangwa chekugadzira desktop CNC muchina wekugaya nemutengo unonzwisisika, huchokwadi uye nyore kushandisa. Vakaitumidza kuti imwe mill, inova yakatangira yeBantam zvishandiso desktop PCB yekugaya muchina.
Evolution yezvizvarwa zvitatu zveimwe mill
Muna Chivabvu, 2013, boka remumwe muchina Co. rakabudirira kuita basa rekupa vanhu mari. Kwapera mwedzi, muna Chikumi, zvishandiso zveshopbot zvakatanga mushandirapamwe (zvakare wakabudirira) wemuchina unotakurika weCNC unonzi handibot, wakagadzirirwa kushandiswa zvakananga pawebhusaiti yebasa. Hunhu hukuru hwemichina miviri iyi ndeyekuti inoperekedza software - otherplan uye fabmo - yakagadzirirwa kuve intuitive uye nyore kushandisa WYSIWYG zvirongwa, zvichiteerana, kuitira kuti vateereri vakawanda vashandise CNC kugadzirisa. Zviripachena, sekutsigirwa kwezvirongwa zviviri izvi zvinoratidza, nharaunda yakagadzirira rudzi urwu rwekuvandudza.
Handibot's iconic inopenya yero mubato inozivisa kutakurika kwayo.
Inoenderera mberi maitiro kubva kufekitori kuenda kune desktop
Kubva muchina wekutanga wakaiswa mukutengeserana muna 2013, iyo desktop yedhijitari yekugadzira mafambiro yakakwidziridzwa. CNC milling machines ikozvino inosanganisira ese marudzi e CNC machines kubva kumafekitori kusvika kuma desktops, kubva ku waya yekubhenda muchina kusvika kumichina yekuruka, vacuum forming machines, water jet cutting machines, laser cutting machines, etc.
Mhando dzeCNC muchina maturusi anotamiswa kubva kufekitori workshops kuenda kumatafura ari kukura zvakadzikama.
Chinangwa chekusimudzira cheFab laboratory, yakatanga kuberekerwa kuMIT, ndeyekukurudzira michina yekugadzira madhijitari ine simba asi inodhura, kubata pfungwa dzakangwara nematurusi, uye kuunza mazano avo munyika inobatika. Vanhu vane ruzivo chete ndivo vanogona kuwana nyanzvi dzekare nemidziyo iyi. Ikozvino, shanduko yekugadzira desktop iri kuenderera mberi nekufambisira mberi nzira iyi, kubva kuFab marabhoritari kuenda kumashopu ega, nekudzikisa zvakanyanya mutengo uchichengetedza huchokwadi hwehunyanzvi.
Sezvo nzira iyi ichienderera mberi, kune zviitiko zvitsva zvinonakidza mukubatanidza hungwaru hwekugadzira (AI) mukugadzira desktop uye dhizaini. Kuti zviitiko izvi zvinoramba zvichikanganisa sei kugadzira uye hunyanzvi zvicharamba zvichionekwa, asi takabva kure kubva panguva yemakomputa akakura mumakamuri uye maturusi ekugadzira ane simba akasungirirwa kumasangano makuru nemakambani. Simba rava mumaoko edu.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-19-2022